Mark Gordon

Barton College

Updated January, 1006

 

HORNED FESTIVAL MASKS OF THE CARIBBEAN

Bibliography

 

 

{Note: The greater portion of this bibliography was compiled years ago. If you can suggest a text or article for inclusion, please send it--with complete bibliographic information and a brief note of annotation—to mgordon@barton.edu .  This list will be updated periodically.  Thank you! Mark Gordon}

 

The categories into which each reference has been placed are for the sake of convenience only, and are not meant to define conceptual divisions in the field.

 

At present, few Internet links are included. Please send suggestions for a future update.

 

 

I.       HISTORICAL ORIGINS

 

Achivos Venezolanos de Folklore, No. 8. Caracas: Instituto de Antropología e Historia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1967

 

Alegría, R. La Fiesta de Santiago Apostol en Loíza Aldea. San Juan: Coleciones de Estudios Puertorriquenos, 1954

 

Aretz, I, Manual de Folklore Venezolano Caracas:  Biblioteca Popular Eldorado, Monte Avila Editores, 1968

 

Arewa, O. and Shreve, G.M. The Genesis of Structures in African Narrative: Zande Trickster Tales. New York: Conch Magazine, Ltd, 1975

 

Caro Baroja, J. El Carnaval: Analisis Histórico-Cultural. Madrid: Taurus, 1979

 

Boyke, R. “Parties, Politics, Pan and Peter” in Trinidad Carnival. Port-of-Spain: Key Caribbean Publications, 1981

 

Cardona, M. Temas de Folklore Venezolano. Caracas: Biblioteca Venezolano de Cultura, Ediciones del Ministerio de Educacion, 1964

 

Cassa, R. Los Taínos de la Española. Santo Domingo: Alfa y Omega, 1974

 

Comas, J. Principales Aportaciones Indígenas Precolombinas a la Cultura Universal. Mexico City: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, 1957

 

Dominguez, L. Encuentro con Nuestro Folklore. Caracas: Editorial Kepelusz Venezolano, 1975

 

Foster, G. Culture and Conquest: America’s Spanish Heritage. New York: Wenner-Gren Foundation, 1960

 

Fuentes, C., and Hernandez, D. “Corpus Cristi, San Francisco de Yare” in Armitano Arte No. 5.  Caracas, 1983

 

Gonzalez, M. “Los Diablos Danzantes de Turiamo” [Master’s thesis for Department of Anthropology, Universidad Central de Venezuela] Caracas: Fundacion Bigot, 1985

 

Grathoff, R.H. The Structure of Social Inconsistencies. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1970

 

Hastrup, K. “The Post-Structuralist Position of Social Anthropology” in Schwimmer, E (ed) The Yearbook of Symbolic Anthropology. London: Hogarth, 1978

 

Herskovitz, M. People and Cultures of the Caribbean. Garden City: Natural History Press, 1971

 

Izquierdo Moya, J. “Cofradías Tipicas en Pedronera” in Revista de Dialectología y Tradición Popular, 1946

 

Jimenez, N.A. Relaciones Políticas en una Sociedad Tribal: Estudio de los Ye’cuana, Indígenas del Amazonas Venezolano. Mexico City: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, 1974

 

Lizardo, F. Danzas y Bailes Folklóricos Dominicanos. Santo Domingo: Museo del Hombre [nd]

 

Loven, S. Origins of Tainan Culture, West Indies. Goteborg: Elanders Bokfryckeri, Akfeibolag, 1935

 

Manning, F.E. “Carnival in Antigua: An Indigenous Festival in a Tourist Economy” in Anthropos 73, 1978

 

Messenger, J. “African Retentions in Monserrat” in African Arts, 1973

 

Mintz, S. and Price, R. An Anthropological Approach to the Afro-American Past: A Caribbean Perspective. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1976

 

Olivares Figueroa, R. “Particularidades y Evolución del Carnaval Venezolano” in Revista Nacional de Cultura. Caracas: 1946

 

Otten, C. (ed.) Anthropology and Art: Readings in Cross-cultural Aesthetics. Garden City: Natural History Press, 1971

 

Ottenberg, S. Masked Rituals of Afikpo: The Context of an African Art. Seattle University of Washington Press, 1975

 

Salazar, R. Diablos Danzantes de Venezuela: Origines y Celebraciones en Caracas, Naiguatá, Cata y Turiamo. Caracas: Federacion Nacional de Cultura Popular, 1984

 

Tejeda, D.,  Diez, I. and Castillo, J. Almanaque Folklórico Dominicano. Santo Domingo: Museo del Hombre, 1978

 

Turner, V. (ed.) Celebration: Studies in Festivity and Ritual. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982

 

Utrera, C. Santo Domingo: Dilucidaciones Históricas. Santo Domingo: Imprenta de Dios y Patria, 1927

 

 

II. TECHNIQUE AND THE ROLE OF CRAFTS IN SOCIETY

 

Biebuyck, D. (ed.) Tradition and Creativity in Tribal Art. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969

 

Cordry, D. Mexican Masks. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980

 

D’Azevedo, W.L. (ed.) The Traditional Artist in African Societies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973

 

Himmelheber, H. “Personality and Technique of African Sculptors” in Mead, M. Technique and Personality. New York: Museum of Primitive Art, 1963.

 

Miller, R. “The Mask-Makers of Tocuaro” in Bulletin of the American Society of Mexico, 1966.

 

Polakoff, C. “Crafts and the Concept of Art in Africa” in African Arts, 1978

 

Silver, H. “The Mind’s Eye: Art and Aesthetics in an African Craft Community.” Stanford: PHD Thesis, 1976

 

Vidal, T. Las Caretas de Cartón de Carnaval de Ponce. San Juan: Ediciones Alba, 1983

 

 

III. SOCIETAL FUNCTION AND SEMIOTICS

 

Abrahams, R.D. “Toward an Enactment-Centered Theory of Folklore” in Bascom, W. Frontiers of Folkore. Boulder: Westview Press, 1977

 

Anozie, S. “The Poetics of the Mask” in Structural Models and African Poetics: Towards a Pragmatic Theory of Literature. Boston: Reutledge and Kegan Paul, 1981

 

Babcock, B. “Signs about Signs: The Semiotics of Self-reference” in Semiotica, 1980, 30 (1|2)

 

Bettelheim, J. “The Afro-Jamaican Jonkonnu Festival: Playing the Forces and Operating the Cloth.” Yale: PHD Thesis, 1979

 

Clemmer, R.O. “Truth, Duty and and the Revitalization of Anthroplogists: A New Perspective on Cultural Change and Resistance,” in Hymes, D (ed) Reinventing Anthropology. New York: Random House, 1970

 

Crocker, J. “Ceremonial Masks” in Turner, V. (ed.) Celebration: Studies in Festivity. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1982

 

Davis, M. Voces del Purgatorio: Estudio de la Salve Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Museo del Hombre Dominicano, 1981

 

Getzels, J. The Creative Vision: A Longitudinal Study of Problem-Finding in Art. New York: Wiley, 1976

 

Handelman, D. “Plan and Ritual: Complementary Frames of Meta-Communication” in Chapman, A.J. and Foot, H.C. (eds) It’s a Funny Thing, Humour. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977

 

Harley, G. Masks as Agents of Social Control in Northeast Liberia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950

 

Hawkes, T. Structuralism and Semiotics. London: Methuen, 1977

 

Kelly, M. “Las Fiestas Como Reflejo del Orden Social: El Caso de San Xavier de Bac” in America Indígena, 1971

 

Lambrecht, W. (ed.) “Myth and the Quest for Meaning: Mask and Metaphor: Role, Imagery, Disguise” in Parabola, 1981

 

Lavenda, R.H. “From Festival of Progress to Masque of Degradation: Carnival in Caracas as a Changing Metaphor for Social Reality” in Schwartman, HB (ed.) Play and Culture. New York: Leisure Press, 1980

 

Leach, E. “Time and False Noses” in Rethinking Anthropology. London: Athlone, 1971

 

Leach, E. Culture and Communication. Cambridge University Press, 1976

 

Lommel, A. Masks: Their Meaning and Function. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972

 

MacLuan, M. “Myth and Mass Media” in Murray, H. (ed) Myth and Mythmaking. New York: Braziller, 1960

 

Mesnil, M. “The Masked Festival: Disguise or Affirmation?” in Cultures, 1976.

 

Ogibenin, B. “Mask in Light of Semiotics” in Semiotica, 1975

 

Orloff, A. Carnival, Myth and Cult. Worgl: Perlinger, 1981

 

Ortiz Fernandez, F. Los Negros Brujos. Miami: Ediciones Universales, 1973

 

Paz, O. The Labyrinth of Solitude. New York: Grove Press, 1985

 

Rubin, A. “Accumulation, Power and Display in African Sculpture” in Artforum, 1975

 

Stewart, J. “Patronage and Control in the Trinidad Carnival” in Turner, V. (ed) The Anthopology of Experience. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1986

 

Wells, R. “Distinctively Human Semiotic” in Social Science Information, 1967

 

White, H. “The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality” in Critical Inquiry 7(1) 1980

 

 

IV. ICONOGRAPHY

 

Boas, F. Primitive Art. New York: Capitol, 1951

 

Cante, E. Ritual Animal Disguise. Cambridge: Brewer, 1978

 

Crumrine, R. and Macklin, B.J. “Sacred Ritual versus the Unconscious: The Efficacy for Symbols and Structure in North Mexican Folk Saint’s Cults” in Rossi, I. (ed.) The Unconscious in Culture. New York: Dutton, 1974

 

Davis, M. La Otra Ciéncia,  Santo Domingo: Museo del Hombre Dominicano, 1985

 

Dieve, C. Vodú y Magia en Santo Domingo. Santo Domingo: Museo del Hombre, 1975

 

Fanon, F. Black Skin, White Masks. New York: Grove Press, 1967

 

Fernandez, J.W. “The Performance of Ritual Metaphors” in Sapir J.D. and Crocker, (eds) The Social Use of Metaphor. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1977

 

Gaignebet, C. El Carnaval: Ensayos de Mitología Popular. Barcelona: Alta Fulla, 1984

 

Jaffe, A. “Symbolism in the Visual Arts” in Jung, C. (ed) Man and His Symbols. New York: Doubleday, 1972

 

Kahler, E. “La Persistencia del Mito” in Nuestro Laberinto. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1975

 

Leach, E. The Structural Study of Myth and Totemism. London: Travistock, 1967

 

Lonsdale, S. Animals and the Origins of Dance. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1981

 

Macgowan, K. Masks and Demons. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1923

 

Malinowski, B. Myth in Primitive Society. Westport: Negro University Press, 1971

 

McCall, D. “The Hornbill and Analogous Forms in West African Sculpture” in African Images: Essays in African Icongraphy. New York: Africana, 1975

 

Ortiz, M. Diablos Danzantes de Venezuela. Caracas: Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Sociales, 1982

 

Rawson, P. Primitive Erotic Art. New York: Putnam, 1973

 

Rosenberg, J. El Gagá: Religión y Sociedad de un Culto Dominicano. Santo Domingo: Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), 1979

 

Sorrell, W. The Other Face: The Mask in the Arts. London: Thames and Hudson, 1973

 

Taussig, M. The Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1980

 

Turner, V. Dramas, Fields and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974

 

 

V. STYLISTIC ANALYSIS

 

Aniakor, C. “Structuralism in Ikenga: An Ethnoaesthetic Approach to Traditional Igbo Art” in The Conch, 1974

 

Bascomb, W. “Creativity and Style in African Art” in Biebuyck, D. (ed.) Tradition and Creativity in Tribal Art. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969

 

Bohannan, P. “Artist and Critic in an African Society” in Otten, C. (ed.) Anthropology and Art: Readings in Cross-Cultural Aesthetics. Garden City: Natural History Press, 1971

 

Dufrenne, M. The Phenomenology of Aesthetic Experience. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973

 

Graburn, N. (ed.) Ethnic and Tourist Arts: Cultural Expression from the Fourth World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976

 

Kaplan, F. “Structuralism and the Analysis of Folk Art,” Bulletin of the American Anthropological Association, 1977

 

Lansing, S. “Reflexivity in Balinese Aesthetics” MS in author’s files [nd.]

 

Levy, D. “Masks from the Dominican Republic,” [catalogue text] New York: Parsons School of Design, 1985

 

Maranda, P. and Maranda E.K. Structural Models in Folklore and Transformational Essays. The Hague: Mouton, 1971

 

Vlach, J.M. The African Tradition in Decorative Arts. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978

 

Wingert, P. “African Masks: Structure, Expression, Style” in African Arts, 1973

 

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WEBSITES AND LINKS

 

These sites were downloaded in December 2005 and were in effect at that time. Some are scholarly and others are commercial.

 

http://www.masksoftheworld.com/

 

http://www.artlex.com/ed/Maskmaking.html

 

http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~bcr/African_Mask.html

 

http://www.mexicanmasks.us/

 

http://42explore.com/mask.htm

 

http://www.nohmask21.com/

 

http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/features/yupik/

 

http://www.artyfactory.com/africanmasks/

 

http://www.culturekiosque.com/art/exhibiti/masks.htm

 

http://users.panafonet.gr/ekar/masks.html

 

http://mask-and-more-masks.com

 

http://www.maskmakersweb.org

 

http://www.barton.edu/SchoolofArts&Sciences/Art/galtalk/gordon/Lessonpl.html

 

http://www.allahwe.org

 

http://www.caribbeanchoice.net/ 

 

http://dominicanmasks.com

 

,http://www.drexco.com/ 

 

http://www.finemasks.com

 

http://www.venicemaskshop.com/default.htm

 

http://www.anymask.com

 

http://www.masksmesoamerica.com/

 

http://www.pasar5.com

 

http://www.mendels.com/mask.html

 

http://www.mexicanmasks.us

 

http://www.abc.net.au/arts/artok/craft/s197254.htm

 

http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Festiva1/en/lsm/page3.html

 

http://www.zymondo.com/ 

 

http://www.art-ickles.com